Analyzing Fiction Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Fiction Essay In â€Å"Where are you going, where have you been†, this story makes me frustrated with the main character Connie. She comes off to me as an immature little girl who wants to live the life of a mature woman, but when faced with reality she is still just a little girl. I felt Connie feels the need to rebel or act a different person when she leaves her house and in a sense lives a double life and has two personalities. In the story the author writes, â€Å"She wore a pull-over jersey blouse that looked one way when she was at home and another way when she was away from home† (Oates 325). This was an example of how Connie lived this double life. Connie made herself very vulnerable when she goes out with Eddie and exposes herself as a â€Å"woman† when she is not. What I feel is significant about this piece of literature is the story that is being told and the reality behind it. Many young girls face this kind of reality everyday and don’t have a good outcome. The authors’ intention in the story was to portray a little girl named Connie and show her struggle with adolescence and wanting to become a woman far too fast. The themes that stand out to me in this story are Connie’s constant fantasizing and daydreaming. She is always worried about her appearance and fantasizing about boys, but when it comes down to the reality of actually engaging and being confronted with a man, she reverts to being a child again. Another theme that stands out to me is Connie leaving herself extremely vulnerable. She has her friends’ dad drop them off at a shopping plaza, but sneaks off to a drive in to meet boys. Then she meets with Eddie and hangs out in an alley. This exposes her to Arnold Friend. She portrays herself with a lot of independence, but when she has the confrontation with him at her house, she tries to scare him away with saying, â€Å"But my father’s coming back. He’s coming to get me† (Oates 330). She says this because she is still a little girl and doesn’t quite know how to handle this situation. The reality of this type of story is what makes this piece of literature valuable. The author wrote a story about a young girl wanting to grow up too fast and puts herself in situations that portrays her independence, but then exposes her vulnerability. As a reader, I felt this story is a reality for many young girls. I think the authors’ goal here was to allow the reader to see what many young girls face and how easy it is to be manipulated by a man who has aggressive attributes. It was very creepy for this man to know everything about Connie when they were never formally introduced, but Connie’s appearance led him to believe she was open to her sexuality than what she really was or could handle. References Oates, Joyce Carol. â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been.† Lit. Eds. Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell. Boston: Wadsworth, 2012. 325-331. Print

Hedda Gabler Essay -- essays research papers

Hedda Gabler   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hedda Gabler is a more modern tragic figure. Like Job, she has gone through pain and suffering. Just as many of the Greek tragic figures and Job confront their Gods, Hedda Gabler confronts the controlling forces in her life. She needs control and in order for her to gain control over her life she commits suicide and does it beautifully to fulfill her romantic quest. It is implied, though never clearly stated, that Hedda grew up without a female influence. Her father who was a General raised her around guns. She was socialized to be more violent than lady-like. Hedda, as all women in her time, was restricted by society. She married Tesman because that was expected of her. She had no way of surviving on her own. She had courted Lovborg before meeting Tesman. She called herself a coward because she denied Lovborg and gave in to the influence of society. When she lost Lovborg, she loss purpose, and meaning and that created her boredom. Page 2 Her marriage to Tesman was not what she wanted for herself. She wanted much more. Hedda did not want the restraints put on her by society. She thought she could live through Tesman. To Hedda, he was boring and too caught up in his work she wanted him to join politics because that was what she wanted to do but was forbidden because she was a woman. He was not rich enough to do so and that destroyed her dream. Hedda would not settle for living homebound. Hedda was Lovborg's inspiration in one ...

Health In Society Unequally Distributed Health And Social Care Essay

This essay will concentrate on the inequalities that exist around Cardiovascular Disease, specifically that of Coronary Heart Disease. Harmonizing to the British Heart Foundation ( 2010 ) incidences of decease attributed to Coronary Heart Disease are far more likely to happen within the lower socio-economic category. The British Heart Foundation ( 2010 ) besides report that those populating in the most disadvantaged countries of Wales, have a fifty-percent more opportunity of deceasing from CHD than those populating in the least disadvantaged countries. Furthermore, they claim that persons who undertake manual and unskilled employment have a 10 per centum more opportunity of enduring from Coronary Heart Disease than those employed in managerial places, despite those persons populating in the same country ( ibid ) . First, a brief definition of CHD will be offered in order to help apprehension of how this disease develops, and how unhealthy behaviors can lend to its oncoming. Second, an account of a wellness inequality will be given. Then, assorted studies that have been published in relation to wellness inequalities will be examined in order to offer an account for this inequality. This will include analyzing assorted facets of the lives of persons that are placed in the lower socio-economic category in an effort to explicate behavior that is harmful to wellness. Finally, the function of the Multi Disciplinary squad and the nurse will be discussed, this will include authorities schemes for societal policy, in order to place countries of enterprises to better cases of decease from CHD. CHD is a term used to depict the effects of impaired or absent coronary blood flow to the myocardium, by and large caused by fatty plaques known as atheroma developing within the interior liner of the coronary arterias ( Porth 2004 ) . NHS Choices ( 2009a ) province that cases of CHD are far more likely to happen if an single fumes, is corpulent or has a diet that has a high content of concentrated fat. The National Office of Statistics ( 2008 ) reported that in 2007 there were 2951 deceases under the age of 75 in Wales straight linked with CVD, and that 1662 of these were due to CHD The wellness of the state has shown marked betterment throughout the old ages. Harmonizing to the House of Commons ( 2008 ) the life anticipation in 1948 for work forces was 66.4 old ages and 71.2 old ages for adult females. In 2000 they had risen to 75.6 old ages and 80.3 old ages severally. However, despite these betterments, wellness inequalities still exist amongst specific groups within society ( ibid ) .According to the World Health Organisation ( WHO 2010 ) a wellness inequality constitutes a pronounced difference in the distribution of wellness between changing societal groups. These societal groups can run from societal category, age, gender, ethnicity, disablement, geographics gender or linguistic communication ( ibid ) . Historically, those included in the lower ranks of employment and hence placed in the lower socio-economic category, are far more likely to endure sick wellness and higher morbidity rates than those at the top of the societal graduated table ( WHO 2010 ) . Harmonizing to Black ( 1980 ) poorness has ever been a major factor in high mortality rates amongst the lower socio-economic categories, peculiarly in cases of famishment, infection and respiratory unwellness. However, Black acknowledged that the nexus between poorness and circulatory disease was less straightforward ( ibid ) . In an effort to mensurate the extent of these inequalities, during 1977 the Labour authorities commissioned The Working Group on inequalities chaired by Sir Douglas Black to measure the deductions of wellness and societal policy, and to garner information about differences in wellness position amongst changing societal categories ( Townsend and Davidson 1992 ) . The findings were presented to the Secretary of State of the new Conservative authorities in April 1980 ( ibid ) . Black ( 1980 ) concluded that despite the general betterment in wellness across Britain, marked differences in the wellness between those in societal category I and those in societal category V have remained, and in some cases increased. Black ( 1980 ) suggested that one of the grounds for this could be due to the displacement in occupational position across the UK. He explained that those undertaking traditional semi-skilled or unskilled employment tended to be older than those from the mean work force. However, Townsend and Davidson ( 1990 ) argue that despite the age disparity between societal categories, the likeliness of an single death before the age of retirement in societal category IV is dual that of those in societal category I. Furthermore, they go on to state that mortality is a characteristic of category across the life span and non merely during old age, with persons from the lower categories enduring higher morbidity rates during childhood, adolescence and maturity ( ibid ) . A follow on from the Black Report was commissioned in 1986 by the Health Education Council before its death in 1987, and was updated in 1992 ( Whitehead 1992 ) . The Health Divide published grounds which revealed serious inequalities in wellness had continued throughout the 1980 ‘s and into the 1990 ‘s ( ibid ) . During the 1990 ‘s the work of Sir Douglas Black was acknowledged and built on in a study by Sir Donald Acheson, who was invited by the Secretary of State for Health to place a scope of countries for future policy development in order to cut down wellness inequalities ( DOH 1998 ) . Black ( 1980 ) suggested that the high proportion of incidences of certain diseases, including that of circulative disease in the lower socio-economic categories could be attributed to the complete indulgence of merchandises that are harmful to the organic structure, and non to want and poorness. Black ( 1980 ) specifically highlighted the significance of the ingestion of baccy merchandises in the aetiology of diseases such as circulative disease. He questioned the impression that the usage of baccy merchandises is a strictly voluntary pre-occupation by and large undertaken by the irresponsible and highlighted the fact that the authorities makes huge sums of money out of its production and sale. However, Black besides acknowledged that the usage of baccy merchandises could non be blamed for the cause of sick wellness, but suggested that it should be viewed as a secondary phenomenon caused by underlying characteristics of society. He raised concerns for the hereafter, admiting that although pre-conceptions sing the usage of baccy were altering, this alteration had finally taken topographic point within the higher socio-economic categories, and would go on to make so, doing the wellness spread to turn even wider. Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) found, that as Black had predicted there was a clear societal category gradient in both work forces and adult females sing the ingestion of baccy merchandises. He found that 12 % per centum of professional work forces and 11 % of professional adult females were reported to be tobacco users, compared with 41 % of unskilled work forces and 36 % of unskilled adult females go oning to smoke. Furthermore, those in the higher socio-economic category who professed to smoking consumed fewer coffin nails than their opposite numbers in the lower socio-economic category ( ibid ) . Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) besides found that those in the lower categories had lower surcease rates than tobacco users in the higher categories. Similarly, the category gradient had widened in regard of deceases from CHD ( see appendix 1 ) . Acheson concluded that smoke is a clear component in mortality differences between societal categories, doing deceases from assorted malignant neoplastic diseases, respiratory unwellnesss and CHD ( ibid ) . The Wanless Report ‘Securing Good Health for the Population ‘ was published in 2004, and besides highlighted smoke as a major cause of high mortality rates under the age of 70 in the lower socio-economic category ( Wanless 2004 ) . Wanless called for smoke to be banned in public topographic points, particularly within the workplace, faulting inactive smoke for cases of malignant neoplastic disease ‘s and bosom disease amongst both tobacco users and non tobacco users ( ibid ) . Harmonizing to Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) the wider socio-economic factors of an person ‘s life style should be taken into consideration when explicating wellness inequalities. Marmot ( 2010 ) concurs, saying than unhealthy behaviors entirely, can non be responsible for the serious wellness inequalities that exist in today ‘s society. As a consequence, Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) implemented a socio-economic theoretical account of wellness, which examined an person ‘s exposure to inequalities from before birth and throughout the full life span. Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) acknowledged that an person ‘s age, sex and constitutional position did so impact their wellness, as did their personal wonts such as smoke and hapless diet. However, Acheson argued that wider influences such as friends, household, community, instruction, lodging, work environment and entree to wellness attention besides had a bearing on an person ‘s wellness position ( ibid ) . Therefore, in order to understand the relationship between low socio-economic category and CHD, it is necessary to look into the psychological and societal influences that are experienced by persons within this group. Harmonizing to Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) unemployment rates amongst unskilled workers are four times higher than those from professional groups. Acheson goes on to state that employment is a major constituent in an person ‘s position within society ; it determines their income, societal standing and their ability to take part within society. Furthermore Acheson states that being unemployed can hold damaging effects in both physical and mental wellness, being linked to a sedentary life style and increased ingestion of baccy and intoxicant ( ibid ) . However, the nexus between unemployment and sick wellness is hard to turn out, as it is non clear whether the ground for the unemployment is due to ill wellness that is already present, or whether being unemployed is the cause of the sick wellness ( Schurring et al 2007 ) . Acheson besides suggests that those persons who are in employment tend to be engaged in work that is low paid, insecure and of hapless quality and that offers little, or no chance of publicity ( DOH 1998 ) . Johnson ( 2004 ) argue that those from the lower categories constantly experience high degrees of physiological emphasis, and low degrees of control in the workplace, coupled with low wagess in footings of occupation security, publicity chances, money and regard. However, Stansfield and Marmot ( 2002 ) point out that despite grounds to propose that psychological emphasis at work can be a conducive factor in cases of CHD, it is besides of import non to undervalue the consequence of other nerve-racking constituents of an person ‘s life that are non work related. Persons that are unemployed or have low paid occupations constantly face poorness and adversity. They are more likely to brood in unsuitable lodging, that is frequently moist, overcrowded and in an country that has hapless entree to comfortss ( Acheson DOH 1998 ) . Harmonizing to Siegrist and Marmot ( 2006 ) those from the lower socio-economic category tend to populate in vicinities that experience high degrees of offense, and physical impairment. Skogan ( 1990 ) concurs, saying that persons that reside in these countries have, non themselves, chosen to make so ; hence, they have no existent motive to keep their belongingss or that of their vicinity. This in bend discourages commercial investing in the country, doing it to drop further into want ( ibid ) . Due to miss of fundss these persons are less likely to have any signifier of private conveyance ( DOH 1998 ) . This can hold a direct impact on entree to low-cost food markets, health care, and employment chances. WHO ( 2010 ) suggest that hapless lodging and location non merely do physical wellness jobs but that they are besides a direct cause of emphasis, depression and associated psychological unwellnesss. Harmonizing to Stansfield and Marmot ( 2002 ) nerve-racking life conditions, including those of employment and lodging have marked associations with coffin nail smoke. They go on to province that the prevalence of coffin nail smoke is closely linked with the experience and direction of emphasis. Many people use smoking as a self-medication to assist them get by with the emphasis they experience in their mundane lives ( ibid ) . However, harmonizing to Parrott ( 1999 ) , baccy ingestion is in fact a cause of emphasis, and non the emphasis stand-in that many tobacco users believe it to be. NHS Choices ( 2009b ) agree, saying that tobacco user ‘s may experience a diminution in emphasis degrees once they have smoked a coffin nail, nevertheless this lone occurs because they have satisfied their craving for nicotine. Once the nicotine has worn of the person will one time once more experience stressed ( ibid ) . Harmonizing to Stansfield and Marmot ( 2002 ) both emphasis and baccy ingestion are both clear markers in morbidity rates for CHD, and could take some manner to explicating high cases of this disease within the lower socio-economic category. In an effort to undertake emphasis caused by work, the authorities introduced the ‘Fairness at Work Act ‘ in 1999 ( House of Commons 1999 ) . This measure was introduced in order to guarantee that employees have specific rights at work, including occupation security ( ibid ) . Harmonizing to Acheson ( DOH 1998 ) , employment jurisprudence in the United Kingdom is highly under regulated, compared to that of other industrialized states. Assorted policies sing lodging have been introduced since the Acheson Report, the most recent in Wales being ‘Improving Lifes and Communities ( Welsh Assembly Government 2010 ) . This policy aims to supply Wales with more societal lodging, and to give prospective renters more pick with respects to the countries in which they live. It pledges to better the criterion of lodging offered, to better the visual aspect and feel of communities, and to supply persons shacking in the country entree to services and installations ( ibid ) In a command to undertake happenings of diseases, including that of CHD, the authorities announced a 10 twelvemonth committedness through a white paper, Salvaging Lifes: Our Healthier Nation ( DOH 1999 ) . To run into this committedness the National Service Framework for Coronary Heart Disease was implemented and included 12 criterions to better wellness and prevent disease ( DOH 2008 ) . These rules are reflected in public wellness policy in Wales through the debut of a policy papers â€Å" Tackling Heart Disease in Wales: Implementing Through Evidence ( Welsh Assembly Government 2001 ) . As portion of the 10 twelvemonth program, they advised that local marks should be implemented in order to forestall, and cut down the ingestion of baccy merchandises. It was advised that the sale of illegal coffin nails and baccy should be closely monitored and reduced, that media coverage and national runs should be encouraged and that smoking surcease services should be implemented at local degree. In peculiar, mention was made to cut downing smoke in those on low incomes, with peculiar attending being made to pregnant adult females and their spouses ( ibid ) . The authorities pledged that by the twelvemonth 2010 deceases attributed to CHD would be reduced in the under seventy-fives by 40 % . This mark was in fact met five old ages early, with deceases rates falling by 44 % ( DOH 2008 ) In order to cut down disease caused by smoke, and to protect non tobacco users from passively inhaling baccy, a smoke prohibition was initiated on 1st July 2007 ( BBC News 2007 ) . This policy prohibits smoking in any public topographic point, including saloons, eating houses and topographic points of work. Since the smoke prohibition, research carried out by the Department of Health claim that cases of Myocardial Infarctions have reduced by 10 per centum ( Times Online 2009 ) . However, curates and anti-smoking groups think the authorities should travel farther, and are naming for smoking to be banned in autos, in order to protect kids from 2nd manus fume ( ibid ) . Despite the smoke prohibition some persons continue to smoke, harmonizing to Nice ( 2008 ) the multi disciplinary squad has a cardinal function to play in encouraging and authorising these persons to give up. Harmonizing to the Royal College of Nursing ( 2004 ) wellness publicity is the duty of every nurse. The NMC Code of Professional Conduct ( 2009 ) concur, saying that nurses are personally accountable for safeguarding and advancing the involvements of all patients and clients, irrespective of age, gender and societal fortunes. Harmonizing to Youdan and Queally ( 2005 ) nurses have a cardinal function to play in encouraging patient ‘s to give up smoke, they are ideally placed, and should enter the smoke position of all in and out patient ‘s, and where appropriate offer advice and smoke surcease options. In 2008, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence, acknowledged that smoke is a major contributory factor in the wellness spread that exists between the higher and lower socio-economic categories ( Nice 2008 ) . As a consequence, NICE published its first elaborate counsel on smoking surcease ( ibid ) . Harmonizing to these guidelines all persons that come into contact with a wellness professional should be questioned on their smoke position ( ibid ) . Harmonizing to Thomas ( 2007 ) brief oppugning on the topic of smoke has become the foundation of national smoke surcease policy. Nice ( 2008 ) besides stipulate that wellness professionals should utilize as many avenues as possible to make tobacco users, saying that links between birthrate clinics, ante-natal groups, station natal assignments, tooth doctors, infirmaries and GP surgeries should be made in order to aim as many person ‘s as possible. If an single professes to smoke, the wellness professional should offer suited advice and nicotine replacing therapy ; this should be given in concurrence with continued support and a referral to the local NHS Stop Smoking Service ( Nice 2008 ) . Behavioral guidance should besides be offered where appropriate ; this can take topographic point on a one to one footing or in group Sessionss ( ibid ) . Nice ( 2008 ) acknowledges that an person ‘s societal fortunes can be hard to change in the short term ; nevertheless, they believe that behaviour alteration on an single degree is more accomplishable. Evidence has shown that category is a cardinal determiner of wellness. Those in the lower socio-economic category suffer higher degrees of CHD than those in the higher socio-economic category. It has besides been shown that they consume more tobacco merchandises and are more susceptible to emphasize. As antecedently discussed, emphasis and baccy ingestion are both clear markers in cases of CHD, therefore policy aimed at cut downing the emphasis related facets of these persons lives demands to be addressed. Similarly, the ingestion of baccy by this group besides needs to understood. This fact has been recognised by the authorities, who have introduced societal policies related to employment, lodging and smoke in an effort to cut down mortality rates within the lower categories from diseases such as CHD. Nurses and the multi disciplinary squad besides have a portion to play, peculiarly within the community. It is the duty of every wellness professional to oppugn an person with respects to their smoke position, by making so, advice, support and encouragement can be offered, in a command to alter the person ‘s attitude towards this wellness damaging behavior.Mentions:BBC News ( 2007 ) Smoking Ban Takes Effect. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6258034.stm ( Accessed 16 April 2010 ) . Black ( 1980 ) The Black Report: Inequalities and Health.Socialist Health Association. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sochealth.co.uk/Black/blackintro.htm ( accessed 15 March 2010 ) British Heart Foundation ( 2010 ) UK Coronary Heart Disease Statistics. Department of Health. ( online ) . Available at: www.bhf.org.uk/plugins/PublicationsSearchResults/idoc.ashx? †¦ 1 ( Accessed 25 April 2010 ) . DOH ( 1998 ) Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report. Chair Sir Donald Acheson. London: The Stationary Office. DOH ( 1999 ) Salvaging Lifes: Our Healthier Nation. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4118614 ( Accessed 19 April 2010 ) . DOH ( 2008 ) The Coronary Heart Disease National Service Framework: Building on Excellence keeping Progress. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/prod_consum_dh/groups/dh_digitalassets/documents/digitalasset/dh_096556.pdf ) . ( Accessed 9 April 2010 ) . House of Commons ( 2008 ) Health Committee Third Report – Health Inequalities 2008-2009. Health Committee Publications. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhealth/286/28602.htm ( Accessed 4 March 2010 ) . House of Commons ( 1999 ) Fairness at Work. House of Commons Library. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp98/rp98-099.pdf ( Accessed 16 April 2010 ) . Johnson ( 2004 ) Work Stressors and Social Class. ( online. ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.workhealth.org/risk/johnson % 20article.html ( Accessed 20 April 2010 ) . Marmot ( 2010 ) Fair Society, Healthy Lives. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ucl.ac.uk/gheg/marmotreview/Documents/finalreport/FairSocietyHealthyLivesChapter2 ( Accessed 17 March 2010 ) . NHS Choices ( 2009a ) Coronary Heart Disease. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Causes.aspx ( Accessed 26 February 2010 ) . NHS Choices ( 2009b ) Does Smoking Help Stress. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/1114.aspx? CategoryID=53 & A ; SubCategoryID=531 ( Accessed 20 April 2010 ) . National Office for Statistics ( 2008 ) All Deaths Under 75 by Cause and Sex 2007 England Wales Scotland N Ireland and United Kingdom. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/hub/index.html ( Accessed 15 March 2010 ) . NICE ( 2008 ) Smoking Cessation Guidance ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.idea.gov.uk/idk/core/page.do? pageId=8024618 ( Accessed 19 April 2010 ) . The Nursing and Midwifery Code of Professional Conduct ( 2009 ) . ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nmc-uk.org/aArticle.aspx? ArticleID=3 056 ( Accessed 16 October 2008 ) . Parrott A ( 1999 ) Does Cigarette Smoking Cause Stress. American Psychologist. 25 ( 54 ) pp 817-20. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tobaccoprc.org/download/file/stress.pdf ( Accessed 15 April 2010 ) . Porth CM ( 2004 ) Necessities of Pathophysiology Concepts of Altered Health States. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Royal College of Nursing ( 2004 ) Commissioning Health Services for Children and Young People- Increasing Nurses Influence. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.rcn.org.uk/_data/assets/pdf_file/0003/78591/002169.pdf ( Accessed 11 April 2010 ) . Schurring M Burdorf L Kunst A Mackenbach J ( 2007 ) The effects of Ill wellness on come ining and keeping paid employment: Evidence in European Countries. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 61 597-604 ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //jech.bmj.com/content/61/7/597.abstract ( Accessed 15 April 2010 ) . Siegrist J and Marmot M ( 2006 ) Social Inequalities in Health- New Evidence and Policy Implications. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Skogan ( 1990 ) Disorder and Decline – Crime and the Spiral Decay in American Neighbourhoods. California: University of California Press. ( online ) . available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //books.google.co.uk/books? id=ASrAMJh7LngC & A ; printsec=frontcover & A ; dq=skogan+disorder+and+decline & A ; source=bl & A ; ots=_-DBYsfGXN & A ; sig=kPSCk3NGusegOJ_B ( Accessed 18 April 2010 ) . Stansfield A Marmot G ( explosive detection systems. ) ( 2002 ) Stress and the Heart Psychological Pathways to Coronary Heart Disease. London: BMJ Books. Timess Online ( 2009 ) Heart Attacks Plummet After Smoking Ban. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/article6832384.ece ( Accessed 18 April 2010 ) . Townsend P and Davidson N ( 1992 ) The Black Report. ( 2nd edn. ) London: Penguin Group. Thomas S ( 2007 ) Smoking Cessation Part 1: Brief Interventions. Nursing Standard. 22 ( 4 ) pp 47-49. WHO ( 2010 ) Developing the EvidenceBase for Tackling Health Inequalities and differential Effectss. ( online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.who.int/social_determinants/resources/esrc_document.pdf ( Accessed 19 March 2010 ) . Wanless D ( 2004 ) Procuring Good Health for the Whole Population. Department of Health. ( online ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4074426 ( Accessed 17 April 2010 ) . Welsh Assembly Government ( 2001 ) Undertaking CHD in Wales: Implementing Through Evidence. ( on-line. ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wales.nhs.uk/publications/coronary-heart-disease-e.pdf ( Accessed 12 March 2010 ) . Welsh Assembly Government ( 2010 ) Bettering Lifes and Communities. ( Online ) . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //wales.gov.uk/docs/desh/publications/100421housingstrategyen.pdf ( Accessed 17 April 2020 ) . Whitehead M ( 1992 ) Inequalities in Health – The Health Divide. London: Penguin Group. Youdan and Queally ( 2005 ) Nurses ‘ Role In Promoting and Supporting Smoking Cessation. The Nursing Times. 10 ( 10 ) pp 26-28.

Treatment Of Anti Fungal Medicines - 2728 Words

Medical treatment Medication can be different classes such as anti-fungal, antivirals, antibiotic and analgesics. †¢ Anti-fungal are the medicines that is used to treat the contagious fungal which can mostly be found on the skin, hair and nails. There are different anti-fungal medicines such as ringworm, athlete’s foot, fungal nail infection, vaginal thrush. Ringworm is basically a red rush that can be caused on your body or scalp. Athlete’s foot it’s when the feet’s skin become red, itchy and also kind of peeling. Fungal nail infection it’s when the toenail or the fingernails goes all cracks, changed in colour or thicker and it’s all falling apart. There is also another fungal infection which is less communal but it’s one the serious infections which can appear inside your body’s tissue also it can effects lungs and brain. Different types of anti-fungal medicines are also topical antifungals, oral antifungal, and intravenous antifungal, intravaginal antifungal pessaries. The topical antifungal is straight applies to your skin, hair and nails; side effects of using topical antifungals can be: itching, smooth burning impression or even redness on your skin. Oral antifungal are in different type such as pills, capsule or even liquid form; with oral antifungal, you can some side effects such as feeling sick, stomach pain, headache or rash. Intravenous antifungal which can straight be inject in to your bloodstream. Intravaginal antifungal pesasries is for the vaginal thrush,Show MoreRelatedDrugs And Its Effects On Our Environment864 Words   |  4 Pagesvarious consequences. One of the first consequences to take into account is that most medicines do not heal the root of the problem; medicines only temporarily mask the problem. If you think about it this way, using pharmaceuticals puts you in a never ending cycle for a quick fix. The second consequence that so many people ignore is the effect that these drugs have on our environment. Too often unused medicine finds its way to our environment through excretion or direct disposal (Pharmaceutical Waste)Read MoreSterigmatocystin Essay1734 Words   |  7 Pages Sterigmatocystin (ST) is a carcinogenic polyketide [12] produced by species in several fungal genera. Microfungi capable of producing ST are common food, feed and indoor contaminants, and may also be plant and mammalian pathogens, thus having a large economic impact for the biotechnological, agricultural and food industry [12, 13]. Nanotechnology plays an important role in the fabrication of different nanoparticles that can exhibit novel antimicrobial properties [14]. The nano-scaleRead MoreThe Restorative Term For Ringworm1417 Words   |  6 Pages(anthropophilic), from creature to individual (zoophilic), or from the dirt to a man (geophilic). Cure and Treatment: A physical examination of the affected skin, evaluation of skin scrapings under the microscope, and culture tests can aid doctors in making the correct analysis distinctions from other conditions. A proper diagnosis is best for successful treatment. Ringworm can be successfully treated with anti fungal medications used either topically or orally. Ringworm, are treated by using antifungal creamsRead MoreNotes On Medicinal Properties Of Ayurvedic Medicines With Beejak1249 Words   |  5 Pagesand cholesterol levels Rasayana – anti-ageing, causes cell and tissue rejuvenation Indicated in: Raktapitta – bleeding disorders such as nasal bleeding, heavy periods etc. Krumi - worm infestation Visarpa – herpes Kushta – skin diseases Shvitra – leucoderma, vitiligo Meha – diabetes, urinary tract infections Gala dosha – throat disorders Raktamandala – ring worm infestation Ayurvedic medicines with Beejak as ingredient: Asana manjishtadi taila – for treatment of headache and eye disorders AsanaRead MoreHoney As A Homeopathic Wound Care2859 Words   |  12 Pagesimportance of their honey to medicine. Many people will argue that old-fashioned treatments are less effective than modern medicines. While traditional medicines are simple and more easily applied, in most cases, people will still be of the opinion that modern is better. A prime example of the supremacy of traditional remedies is found within honey, which has been proven by numerous studies to support bodily healing of all kinds more assuredly than many modern medicines. Along with its advancedRead MoreImportance Of Microbiology824 Words   |  3 Pagesapplication and uses indicates the  importance of studying  microbiology. IMPORTANCE OF  MICROBIOLOGY IN NURSING:   Use of  microbiology  in nursing is  concerned  with diagnosis. It also helps see how the patients health progresses during the  treatment. Nurses use  hot water or anti-septic  as a measure to  sterilize  the surgical knives, needles,scissors or any other metals to free from microbes. Microbiology  also gives knowledge to nurses on  how to handle a patient  and  his samples  infected with communicable diseasesRead MoreLichen Species Hang from Trees2259 Words   |  9 Pages(2000) reported that the herb was part of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) agents many thousands of years ago. In China, the herb was used to manage upper respiratory tract infections, oral cavity infections, external ulcers, and skin surface infections. Indeed, the observations of Halonen (2000) are supported by the fact that present day practitioners of TCM still use tinctures and liquid extracts of Usnea in the treatment of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. In Europe, the lichen has been in useRead MoreTypes And Mechanisms Of Treat Drug Resistant Pathogens1606 Words   |  7 PagesD. This paper describes their development, mechanisms, and applications in medicine. 2. Introduction A. Global Impact Over the past century, global demands for new medicines and materials have increased. Recently, many antimicrobial resistant organisms have emerged. These microbes have become less treatable with current medications and make it difficult to prevent or treat infections in patients. Higher doses of medicine are used, but may lead to drastic side effects. Staphylococcus aureus has recentlyRead MoreEssay on An Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1325 Words   |  6 PagesInjecting drugs  · Mother to child transmission.  · Infection in the health care setting.  · Tattoos/piercing. Clinical features The most common clinical problems that HIV sufferers have are;  · Weight loss  · Fungal nail infections  · Oral ulcers  · Angular cheilitis (inflammation of the mouth)  · Herpes  · Respiratory tract infections  · Chronic diarrhoea  · Fever  · Thrush  · TB  · Pneumonia  · Acute renal failure Read MoreSigns, Symptoms, and Treatments for Candidiasis Essay2031 Words   |  9 Pagesand other medications can change the environment in the mouth and cause the yeast to grow out of control. Treatment is the key to getting rid of Candidiasis. Following everything the dentist says will help with this disease. â€Å"Most candidal infections can be treated at home with over the counter or prescription medication and can clear within a week† (NHS 1). â€Å"Most treatments last from 2-3 days to 2 weeks† (UOMMC 2). â€Å" If a breastfed baby develops oral thrush or a nursing mother develops a